Nephesh in the Rest of the Hebrew Scriptures (3): Sellers on the Soul—Part IX

Otis Q. Sellers, “What Is the Soul,” Grand Rapids, MI 1939. Cover shown here is that of the reprint, Los Angeles, dated no earlier than 1963 when zip codes were introduced.

[Previous installments: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII.]

Citing the many occurrences of nephesh in Isaiah, Sellers selects for commentary Isaiah 1:14 “. . . your appointed feasts my soul (נַפְשִׁ֔י, naphshi) hateth . . .”:

In this passage [Sellers writes] the soul is used in reference to God. It is evident that “my soul” means I.

He also notes the unusual translation of nephesh in Isaiah 3:20: “The bonnets, and the ornaments of the legs, and the headbands, and the tablets [or “perfume boxes”] (הַנֶּ֖פֶשׁ, hanephesh), and the earrings.”

This is a very obscure reference. It seems that perfume boxes or scentcases were called “houses of the soul.” Whether this is used because of the connection of the soul with the sense of smell, or its connection with the breath, would be hard to say.

Again, many times nephesh occurs in Jeremiah, and six times it “is used in relationship to God”:

    • “Shall I not visit for these things? saith the Lord: and shall not my soul (נַפְשִֽׁי, naphshi) be avenged on such a nation as this?” Jeremiah 5:9
    • “Shall I not visit for these things? saith the Lord: shall not my soul (נַפְשִֽׁי, naphshi) be avenged on such a nation as this?” Jeremiah 5:29
    • “Be thou instructed, O Jerusalem, lest my soul (נַפְשִֽׁי, naphshi) depart from thee; lest I make thee desolate, a land not inhabited.” Jeremiah 6:8
    • “Shall I not visit them for these things? saith the Lord: shall not my soul (נַפְשִֽׁי, naphshi) be avenged on such a nation as this?” Jeremiah 9:9
    • “Then said the Lord unto me, Though Moses and Samuel stood before me, yet my mind (נַפְשִׁ֖י, naphshi) could not be toward this people: cast them out of my sight, and let them go forth. Jeremiah 15:1
    • “The Lord of hosts hath sworn by himself (בְּנַפְשׁ֑וֹ, benaphshow), saying, Surely I will fill thee with men, as with caterpillars; and they shall lift up a shout against thee.” Jeremiah 51:14

There isn’t much purpose in listing all the many occurrences of nephesh in Lamentations, Ezekiel, and the so-called “Minor Prophets,” but Sellers calls attention to a couple of passages that make it clear that it couldn’t mean what “everyone knows” it means.

“Behold, all souls (הַנְּפָשׁוֹת֙, hanephashowt) are mine; as the soul (כְּנֶ֧פֶשׁ, kenephesh) of the father, so also the soul (וּכְנֶ֥פֶשׁ, ukenephesh) of the son is mine: the soul (הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ, hanephesh) that sinneth, it shall die.” Ezekiel 18:4

A familiar passage, quoted by many, yet they insist that the soul cannot die.

“Again, when the wicked man turneth away from his wickedness that he hath committed, and doeth that which is lawful and right, he shall save his soul (נַפְשׁ֥וֹ, naphshow) alive.” Ezekiel 18:27

What meaning can be attached to these words if man has a “never dying soul?”

The soul is the self, divine or human.

Next stop: the God-breathed equivalent of the Hebrew nephesh in the Greek Scriptures (“New Testament”), namely, ψυχή  (psyche).

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